Think you need a huge aquarium to enjoy fishkeeping? Think again.
Nano and pico aquariums have exploded in popularity over the past decade, proving that some of the most fascinating aquatic displays come in the smallest packages. Whether you’re short on space, looking for a stylish desktop aquarium, or wanting to create an intricate miniature aquascape, nano and pico tanks offer endless possibilities.
From vibrant shrimp colonies and stunning aquascapes to compact tropical communities, these small aquariums can be every bit as rewarding as their larger counterparts. In fact, many experienced aquarists find themselves just as captivated by a beautifully designed nano tank as they are by a large show aquarium.
In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about nano and pico aquariums, including what they are, how to set one up, stocking ideas, maintenance tips, and why these tiny ecosystems have become one of the most exciting areas of modern fishkeeping.
What Is a Nano Aquarium?
The term “nano aquarium” generally refers to any aquarium with a volume between 10 and 30 litres.
These compact aquariums are designed to provide all the enjoyment of a traditional fish tank while occupying a much smaller footprint.
Nano aquariums are ideal for:
- Apartments
- Home offices
- Bedrooms
- Kitchens
- Student accommodation
- Workspaces
Despite their small size, nano tanks can support a surprising variety of aquatic life.
What Is a Pico Aquarium?
Pico aquariums take things one step further.
Typically ranging from 1 to 10 litres, pico tanks are among the smallest aquariums commonly maintained by hobbyists.
While they require careful planning and maintenance, pico aquariums can become stunning miniature ecosystems featuring:
- Shrimp
- Snails
- Aquatic plants
- Mosses
- Micro aquascapes
Many aquascapers enjoy the challenge of creating an entire underwater landscape within a tank no larger than a shoebox.
Why Are Nano and Pico Aquariums So Popular?
There are several reasons why small aquariums continue to grow in popularity.
Perfect for Limited Space
Not everyone has room for a large aquarium.
Nano and pico tanks fit comfortably on:
- Desks
- Shelves
- Sideboards
- Countertops
allowing more people to enjoy the hobby.
Affordable to Set Up
Smaller tanks typically require:
- Less substrate
- Less décor
- Smaller filters
- Reduced lighting
making initial setup costs significantly lower than larger aquariums.
Incredible Aquascaping Potential
Many of the world’s most impressive aquascapes are surprisingly small.
Nano aquariums allow hobbyists to create:
- Nature aquascapes
- Jungle layouts
- Iwagumi stone displays
- Shrimp habitats
all within a compact footprint.
Easy to Enjoy
A beautifully designed nano aquarium can provide a calming focal point in any room.
Many hobbyists enjoy watching their miniature underwater world while working, relaxing, or studying.
Choosing the Right Nano or Pico Aquarium
When selecting a small aquarium, quality matters.
Look for tanks that offer:
Clear Glass
Low-iron glass provides exceptional clarity and showcases your aquascape beautifully.
Integrated Filtration
Many modern nano aquariums include built-in filtration systems that save space and simplify setup.
LED Lighting
Energy-efficient LED lighting is ideal for both livestock and aquatic plants.
Secure Lid
A lid helps reduce evaporation and prevents jumping livestock.
Popular nano aquarium styles include:
- Rimless aquariums
- Cube aquariums
- All-in-one systems
- Desktop aquariums
Essential Equipment for Nano and Pico Tanks
Although they’re small, nano and pico aquariums still require the right equipment.
Filter
Filtration is essential for maintaining water quality.
Popular choices include:
- Sponge filters
- Internal filters
- Hang-on-back filters
- Integrated filtration systems
Heater
Most tropical nano aquariums require a heater to maintain stable temperatures.
Lighting
Good lighting supports plant growth and enhances the colours of fish and shrimp.
Thermometer
Temperature fluctuations occur more quickly in small tanks, making monitoring important.
Water Conditioner
Always treat tap water before adding it to the aquarium.
Best Livestock for Nano Aquariums
Choosing suitable livestock is critical.
Not every fish is appropriate for a small aquarium.
Cherry Shrimp
One of the most popular nano tank inhabitants.
Benefits include:
- Bright colours
- Easy care
- Algae grazing behaviour
Amano Shrimp
Excellent algae eaters and ideal for planted aquariums.
Ember Tetras
Tiny, colourful schooling fish perfect for nano setups.
Chili Rasboras
Among the smallest tropical fish available.
Celestial Pearl Danios
Beautifully patterned fish that thrive in planted aquariums.
Endler’s Livebearers
Active and colourful fish suitable for larger nano aquariums.
Livestock for Pico Aquariums
Because of their limited volume, pico tanks are best suited to invertebrates.
Popular choices include:
Shrimp
- Cherry Shrimp
- Blue Dream Shrimp
- Crystal Shrimp
Snails
- Nerite Snails
- Ramshorn Snails
- Mystery Snails
Aquatic Plants
Many pico tanks focus entirely on plants and hardscape without fish.
This often results in greater stability and easier long-term maintenance.
The Magic of Nano Aquascaping
Aquascaping is one of the biggest attractions of small aquariums.
Because the space is limited, every element matters.
Popular aquascaping styles include:
Iwagumi
Minimalist layouts based on carefully positioned rocks.
Nature Aquariums
Inspired by forests, rivers, and natural landscapes.
Jungle Scapes
Dense plant growth creates a lush appearance.
Shrimp Gardens
Designed specifically for shrimp colonies and moss growth.
Many aquascapers enjoy nano tanks because they allow frequent experimentation without requiring large budgets.
Best Plants for Nano and Pico Aquariums
Small tanks benefit from compact plant species.
Excellent choices include:
Anubias Nana Petite
Perfect for attaching to rocks and driftwood.
Bucephalandra
Highly decorative and available in numerous varieties.
Java Moss
Versatile and ideal for shrimp tanks.
Christmas Moss
Creates beautiful natural textures.
Monte Carlo
Popular carpeting plant for aquascapes.
Dwarf Hairgrass
Excellent for creating miniature grassy landscapes.
Cryptocoryne Parva
One of the smallest Cryptocoryne species.
Challenges of Small Aquariums
While nano tanks are rewarding, they also come with unique challenges.
Water Parameters Change Quickly
Smaller volumes are less forgiving.
Temperature, pH, and nutrient levels can fluctuate more rapidly than in larger aquariums.
Overstocking Risks
It’s easy to add too many fish.
Careful stocking is essential.
Evaporation
Even small amounts of evaporation can significantly affect water levels.
Maintenance Consistency
Regular maintenance becomes even more important in smaller systems.
Nano Aquarium Maintenance Tips
Perform Regular Water Changes
Weekly water changes help maintain stable water quality.
Avoid Overfeeding
Uneaten food quickly affects water quality in small tanks.
Monitor Water Parameters
Regular testing helps identify problems early.
Top Up Evaporated Water
Maintain consistent water levels.
Trim Plants Frequently
Healthy plant growth contributes to overall stability.
Are Nano Tanks Suitable for Beginners?
Yes, but with some caveats.
Modern nano aquarium kits make it easier than ever to start the hobby, but beginners should understand that small tanks require consistent care.
For new fishkeepers:
- Choose easy livestock
- Avoid overstocking
- Start with hardy plants
- Follow a maintenance routine
With proper planning, a nano aquarium can be an excellent introduction to fishkeeping.
Why Experienced Aquarists Love Nano Tanks
Many long-term hobbyists maintain nano aquariums alongside larger systems.
Reasons include:
- Creative freedom
- Lower setup costs
- Quick maintenance
- Opportunity to experiment
- Space efficiency
Nano tanks allow hobbyists to explore new layouts, plant species, and livestock combinations without committing to a large aquarium.
Final Thoughts
Nano and pico aquariums prove that you don’t need a huge tank to enjoy fishkeeping. Compact, affordable, and incredibly rewarding, these miniature aquatic worlds offer endless opportunities for creativity and enjoyment.
Whether you’re building a stunning aquascape, keeping colourful shrimp, or creating a peaceful desktop aquarium, small tanks can deliver big satisfaction. With careful planning, appropriate livestock, and regular maintenance, a nano or pico aquarium can become one of the most fascinating displays in your home.
At Charterhouse Aquatics, we stock a wide range of nano aquariums, pico tanks, filters, lighting, aquascaping supplies, plants, shrimp, and accessories to help you create the perfect miniature aquatic world.
